English inventions and discoveries 5

Agriculture Seed drill - Jethro Tull Steam-driven ploughing engine - John Fowler Pioneer of selective breeding and artificial selection - Robert Bakewell superphosphate or chemical fertilizer - John Bennet Lawes Pioneer on the increase in dairy farming systems - Rex Paterson The earliest commercially successful light farm tractor - Dan Albone Lawn mower - Edwin Beard Budding Astronomy Discovery from the planet Uranus additionally, the moons Titania, Oberon, Enceladus, Mimas by Sir William Herschel Discovery of Triton as well as the moons Hyperion, Ariel and Umbriel - William Lassell planetarium - John Theophilus Desaguliers[citation needed] Predicts the existence and site of Neptune from irregularities in your orbit of Uranus - John Couch Adams[citation needed] Bernard Lovell - Important contributions to your development of radio astronomy[citation needed] Newtonian telescope - Sir Isaac Newton[citation needed] Stephen Hawking - World-renowned theoretical physicist made many important contributions to your fields of cosmology and quantum gravity, particularly in the context of black holes[citation needed] Spiral galaxies - William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse[citation needed] Discovery of Halley's Comet - Edmond Halley[citation needed] Discovery of pulsars - Antony Hewish[citation needed] Discovery of Sunspots and was the first person to create drawing for the Moon using a telescope - Thomas Harriot[citation needed] The Eddington limit, the natural limit in to the luminosity of stars, or radiation generated by accretion onto a smaller object - Arthur Stanley Eddington[citation needed] Aperture synthesis, used by accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources in the field of Radio astronomy - Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish[citation needed] Chemistry Marsh test for Arsenic - James Marsh[citation needed] Dalton's law and Law of multiple proportions - John Dalton[citation needed] The structure of DNA and pioneering the joy of molecular biology - co-developed by Francis Crick and also the American James Watson[citation needed] DNA sequencing by chain termination - Frederick Sanger[citation needed] Discovery of introns in eukaryotic DNA and therefore the mechanism of gene-splicing - Richard J. Roberts[citation needed] Discovey of Buckminsterfullerene - Sir Harry Kroto[citation needed] Discovered the dwelling of ferrocene - Geoffrey Wilkinson & others[citation needed] Discovers hydrogen being a colorless, odourless gas that burns which enables it to form an explosive mixture with air - Henry Cavendish[citation needed] Proposes legislation of octaves, a precursor on the Periodic Law - John Newlands[citation needed] Bragg's law and establish the concept of X-ray crystallography, a major tool for elucidating the crystal structure of substances - William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg[citation needed] Introduces idea of atomic number to fix inadequacies of Mendeleev's periodic table, which in fact had been based on atomic weight - Henry Moseley[citation needed] First isolation of Sodium - Humphry Davy[citation needed] First isolation of benzene, the most important known aromatic hydrocarbon - Michael Faraday[citation needed] Publishes Opus Maius, which among other things, proposes a beginning version of the scientific method, and features outcome of his experiments with gunpowder - Roger Bacon[citation needed] Publishes several Aristotelian commentaries, an earlier framework with the scientific method - Robert Grosseteste[citation needed] Publishes The Proficience and Continuing development of Learning, what might later be the scientific method - Sir Francis Bacon[citation needed] The 1st discovery of aluminium - Sir Humphry Davy[citation needed] Pioneer in early Solar powered - Weston cell - Edward Weston (chemist)[citation needed] Proposes the joy of isotopes, elements with chemical properties have differing atomic weights - Frederick Soddy[citation needed] The synthesising of xenon hexafluoroplatinate the very first time of showing that noble gases can form chemicals - Neil Bartlett[citation needed] Callendar effect the theory that linked rising as well as concentrations with the atmosphere to global temperature (Climate change) - Guy Stewart Callendar[citation needed] Pioneer in the fuel cell - Francis Thomas Bacon[citation needed] Pioneer of Meteorology by developing a nomenclature system for clouds this was proposed within an 1802 - Luke Howard[citation needed] Rayleigh scattering explains why the sun is blue, and predicted the existence of the area waves - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh[citation needed] Communications Uniform Penny Post, and postage stamp - Sir Rowland Hill Christmas card - Sir Henry Cole Valentines card - Modern card 1700s England Pencil - Cumbria, England[citation needed] Clockwork radio - Trevor Baylis The main Radio transmission with a Spark Transmitter, achieving many different approximately 500 metres. - David E. Hughes[citation needed] Discovered electromagnetic induction & Faraday's law of induction, experiments that found light was some kind of wave affiliated with electricity or magnetism, which will become a few of the first experiments inside the discovery of radiowaves and also the progression of radio - Michael Faraday[citation needed] Pioneer within the increase of radio communication - William Eccles[citation needed] Our planet's first radio station over the Isle of Wight[citation needed] On December 2, 1922, in Sorbonne, France, Edwin Belin, an Englishman demonstrated a mechanical code reader this was an early precursor to modern television[citation needed] The 1st pocket sized handheld television, the MTV-1 - Sir Clive Sinclair[citation needed] Pioneering work on the creation of the long-lasting materials that made today's live view screen displays possible - Having to do with Scotsman George Gray and Englishman Ken Harrison Along with the Royal Radar Establishment at Malvern, Worcestershire as well as at the University of Hull[citation needed] 405-line television system was the initial fully electronic television system for replacements in regular broadcasting - Alan Blumlein[citation needed] Our planet's first public broadcasts of high-definition television were created from Alexandra Palace, North London in 1936 - BBC Television Service[citation needed] The very first commercially successful electric telegraph - Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir William Fothergill Cooke in 1837[citation needed] Pioneer of stereo - Alan Blumlein[citation needed] Microphone - Charles Wheatstone[citation needed] Pitman Shorthand - Isaac Pitman[citation needed] Discovered the photoconductivity within the element selenium. This discovery brought about the invention of photoelectric cells (sun power panels), including those utilised in the initial television systems - Willoughby Smith in 1873[citation needed] Proposed the presence of the Kennellyeaviside layer, a layer of ionised gas that reflects radio waves around the Earth's curvature - Oliver Heaviside[citation needed] Important improvements of this facsimile machine (Fax Machine) - Frederick Bakewell[citation needed] The primary SMS message was sent above the Vodafone GSM network in 1992 - Neil Papworth[citation needed] Typewriter - Henry Mill[citation needed] the world's first automatic totalisator - George Julius[citation needed] pioneer from the having access to fiber optics in telecommunications - Charles K. Kao and George Hockham[citation needed] The originator on the perception of geostationary satellites with the use of telecommunications relays - Arthur C Clarke Teletext Information Service - The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)[citation needed] Computing Analytical engine - Sir Charles Babbage ACE and Pilot ACE - Alan Turing Bombe - Alan Turing Colossus computer Colossus computers were the earliest electronic digital programmable computers. They used vacuum tubes and binary representation of numbers - Tommy Flowers Difference engine - Sir Charles Babbage First programmer - Ada Lovelace[citation needed] First Programming Language Analytical Engine ordercode - Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace[citation needed] Boolean algebra, the premise for digital logic - George Boole[citation needed] Internet - Sir Tim Berners-Lee Developed HTTP and HTML - Tim Berners-Lee[citation needed] Sumlock ANITA calculator the world's first all-electronic desktop calculator - Bell Punch Co[citation needed] Sinclair Executive, earth's first small electronic pocket calculator - Sir Clive Sinclair[citation needed] Osborne 1 The earliest commercially successful portable computer, the precursor in the Norebook - Adam Osborne[citation needed] Designed principles the main notebook computer, the GRiD Compass in 1979 - Bill Moggridge[citation needed] heavily active in the expansion of the Linux kernel - Andrew Morton & Alan Cox[citation needed] Sinclair ZX80, ZX81 and ZX Spectrum - Sir Clive Sinclair[citation needed] Flip-flop (electronics) circuit, which was crowned reasons for electronic memory (Random-access memory) in computers - William Eccles and F. W. Jordan[citation needed] Universal Turing machine - The UTM model is regarded as the original source with the "stored program computer" utilized John von Neumann in 1946 for his "Electronic Computing Instrument" that now bears von Neumann's name: the von Neumann architecture, also UTM is considered to be the conception from the computer - Alan Turing[citation needed] Enhancing packet switching co-invented by Welshman Donald Davies and American Paul Baran - National Physical Laboratory, London England[citation needed] The best person to conceptualise the Integrated Circuit - Geoffrey W.A. Dummer[citation needed] The pioneer modern computer Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine - (SSEM), nicknamed Baby. Was the world's first stored-program computer. Produced by Frederic Calland Williams & Tom Kilburn[citation needed] Williams tube - a cathode ray tube which is used to electronically store binary data (Can store roughly 500 to at least one,000 components of data) - Freddie Williams & Tom Kilburn[citation needed] Manchester Mark 1 Historically significant computer because of its pioneering inclusion of index registers - Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn[citation needed] Autocode viewed as the earliest ever computer compiler in 1952 for that Manchester Mark 1 computer - Alick Glennie[citation needed] Developed the technique of microprogramming of your realisation that your Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a computer might be controlled by the miniature, highly specialised software in high-speed ROM - Maurice Wilkes in 1951[citation needed] Ferranti Mark 1 - Generally known as the Manchester Electronic Computer was the first computer to make use of the principles of early CPU design (Central processing unit) - Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn - Also the first successful commercially available general-purpose electronic computer.[citation needed] The oldest known recordings of computer generated music were played because of the Ferranti Mark 1 computer - Christopher Strachey[citation needed] EDSAC was the primary complete, completely functional computer to utilise the von Neumann architecture, the basis of each and every modern computer - Maurice Wilkes[citation needed] EDSAC 2 the successor towards the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator or EDSAC. That it was the very first computer to experience a microprogrammed (Microcode)control unit plus a bit slice hardware architecture - Team headed by Maurice Wilkes[citation needed] The primary graphical blu-ray OXO to the EDSAC at Cambridge University - A.S. Douglas[citation needed] The worlds first computer game with 3D graphics - Elite (sport) Designed by David Braben and Ian Bell in 1984[citation needed] Metrovick 950 was the best commercial transistor computer in-built 1959 - Metropolitan-Vickers company[citation needed][citation needed] LEO (computer) Made history by running the initial business application (payroll system) on electronic computer in 1951 for J. Lyons and Co - Maurice Wilkes[citation needed] Atlas Computer, rrt had been arguably our planet's first supercomputer the fastest computer in the world till the release of the American CDC 6600 Also This machine introduced many modern architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory and paging - Team headed by Tom Kilburn[citation needed] The worlds first internet browser called WorldWideWeb that ran within the NeXTSTEP platform. It has been later renamed Nexus to protect yourself from confusion along with the The net - Sir Tim Berners-Lee[citation needed] digital audio player (Music) - Kane Kramer[citation needed] Touchpad Pointing device - First developed for Psion PLC's Psion MC 200/400/600/WORD Series in 1989[citation needed] Co-Inventor belonging to the world's first trackball device - having to do with Tom Cranston, Fred Longstaff and Kenyon Taylor[citation needed] The first handheld computer (Psion Organiser) - Psion PLC[citation needed] The earliest rugged computer - Husky (computer)[citation needed] First PC-compatible palmtop computer (Atari Portfolio) - Ian Cullimore[citation needed] Denotational semantics - Christopher Strachey pioneer in programming language design[citation needed] Wolfram's 2-state 3-symbol Turing machine - Stephen Wolfram[citation needed] Clock making Anchor escapement - Robert Hooke Atomic clock with improved accuracy - Louis Essen[citation needed] Balance spring - Robert Hooke Balance wheel - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Co-axial escapement - George Daniels[citation needed] Grasshopper escapement, Gridiron pendulum, H1, H2, H3 and H4 watches (a wrist watch meant to solve the longitude measurement problem) - John Harrison Gridiron pendulum - John Harrison[citation needed] Lever escapement The best single improvement ever put on pocket watches - Thomas Mudge[citation needed] Marine chronometer - John Harrison[citation needed] Clothing manufacturing Derby Rib (stocking manufacture) - Jedediah Strutt[citation needed] Flying shuttle - John Kay[citation needed] Mauveine, the first synthetic organic dye - William Henry Perkin[citation needed] Power loom - Edmund Cartwright[citation needed] Spinning frame - John Kay[citation needed] Spinning jenny - James Hargreaves[citation needed] Spinning mule - Samuel Crompton[citation needed] Polyester - John Rex Whinfield[citation needed] Machine - Thomas Saint[citation needed] Water frame - Richard Arkwright[citation needed] Stocking frame - William Lee[citation needed] Warp-loom and Bobbinet - John Heathcoat[citation needed] Criminology Police - Robert Peel[citation needed] DNA fingerprinting - Sir Alec Jeffreys[citation needed] By far the first national DNA database developed in 1995[citation needed] Devised a mode for classifying fingerprints that proved beneficial in forensic science - Francis Galton[citation needed] Iris recognition - John Daugman[citation needed] Chemist who developed the Marsh test for detecting arsenic poisoning - James Marsh[citation needed] Cryptography Playfair cipher - Charles Wheatstone[citation needed] Engineering Adjustable spanner - Edwin Beard Budding[citation needed] Cavity Magnetron - Dr Harry Boot[citation needed] Electric Transformer - Michael Faraday[citation needed] First coke-consuming blast furnace - Abraham Darby I[citation needed] First working universal joint - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Produced the initial commercial steel alloy in 1868 - Robert Forester Mushet[citation needed] Crookes tube the original Cathode ray tubes - William Crookes[citation needed] First Compression ignition engine aka the Diesel Engine - Herbert Akroyd Stuart[citation needed] Steam Engine - Thomas Savery[citation needed] Newcomen steam engine - Thomas Newcomen[citation needed] Modified version of this Newcomen steam engine (Pickard engine) - James Pickard[citation needed] Steam turbine - Charles Algernon Parsons[citation needed] Pendulum Governor - Frederick Lanchester[citation needed] High strength carbon fibre - Royal Aircraft Establishment in 1963 - Also on January 14, 1969 Carr Reinforcements (Stockport, England) wove the main graphite fabric from the world[citation needed] The original screw-cutting lathe - Henry Maudslay[citation needed] Disc Brakes - Frederick Williams[citation needed] Internal combustion engine - Samuel Brown[citation needed] Fourdrinier machine - Henry Fourdrinier[citation needed] Microchip - Geoffrey W.A. Dummer[citation needed] light-emitting diode (decided not to invent the most important visible light, only theorised)- H. J. Round[citation needed] Turbo Jet engine - Sir Frank Whittle[citation needed] Francis turbine - James B. Francis[citation needed] Gas turbine - John Barber (engineer)[citation needed] Two-stroke engine - Dugald Clerk and Joseph Day[citation needed] Pioneer of radio guidance systems - Archibald Low[citation needed] Screw-cutting lathe - Henry Hindley[citation needed] The best electrical measuring instrument, the electroscope - William Gilbert[citation needed] Slide rule - William Oughtred[citation needed] Devised a standard for screw threads creating its widespread acceptance - Joseph Whitworth[citation needed] The Wimshurst machine is an Electrostatic generator for producing high voltages - James Wimshurst[citation needed] Hot bulb engine or heavy oil engine - Herbert Akroyd Stuart[citation needed] Hydraulic crane - William George Armstrong[citation needed] Vacuum diode generally known as vacuum pressure tube - John Ambrose Fleming[citation needed] Linear motor is actually a multi-phase ac (AC) motor unit - Charles Wheatstone then improved by Eric Laithwaite[citation needed] Designed water and sewerage systems much more 30 cities across Europe - William Lindley[citation needed] The Iron Bridge (1791), the primary metal bridge regardless of the sort - Abraham Darby III[citation needed] Food Apple Pie[citation needed] Bangers and mash[citation needed] Bird's Custard - Alfred Bird[citation needed] Black Pudding[citation needed] Branston Pickle[citation needed] Brown Sauce (HP Sauce)[citation needed] Bubble and Squeak[citation needed] Cheddar cheese Cornish pasty[citation needed] Cottage pie[citation needed] Cumberland sausage[citation needed] Eccles cake[citation needed] English mustard Fish and Chips[citation needed] Full English breakfast Gravy[citation needed] Haggis - Normally assumed to become Scottish although the first known written recipe for one dish of the name (as 'hagese'), manufactured with offal and herbs, is with the verse cookbook Liber Cure Cocorum dating from around 1430 in Lancashire, North-West England. Ice cream - Modern Frozen treats 1718 England Jellied eels[citation needed] Kendal mint cake[citation needed] Lancashire hotpot Lincolnshire sausage Marmite[citation needed] Pancake - Modern pancake, English culinary manuscript 1430 Parkin[citation needed] Pasty[citation needed] Piccalilli[citation needed] Pork pie[citation needed] Sandwich - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich[citation needed] Scouse[citation needed] Shepherd's pie[citation needed] Carbonated water, major and defining component to pepsi - Joseph Priestley Spotted Dick[citation needed] Steak and kidney pie[citation needed] Sunday roast[citation needed] Toad while in the hole[citation needed] Worcestershire sauce Yorkshire Pudding[citation needed] Household appliances Ballbarrow - James Dyson[citation needed] Collapsible baby buggy - Owen Maclaren[citation needed] domestic diswasher - key modifications by William Howard Livens Dyson DC01 - James Dyson[citation needed] Fire extinguisher - George William Manby[citation needed] Folding carton - Charles Henry Foyle[citation needed] Mower - Edwin Beard Budding[citation needed] Rubberband - Stephen Perry[citation needed] Solar battery - John Frederic Daniell[citation needed] Light Bulb - Joseph Wilson Swan[citation needed] Tin can - Peter Durand[citation needed] Light switch - Invented by John Holmes in 1884[citation needed] Corkscrew - Reverend Samuell Henshall[citation needed] Mouse trap - James Henry Atkinson[citation needed] New sewing machine - Thomas Saint[citation needed] Postage Stamp - Rowland Hill[citation needed] Carpet cleaner (not the most important vac cleaner, but electric version) - Hubert Cecil Booth[citation needed] Flushing toilet - Thomas Crapper and John Harington[citation needed] The pay toilet - John Nevil Maskelyne, Maskelyne invented a lock for London toilets which required a cent to operate, hence the euphemism "spend a penny".[citation needed] Electric Toaster - Rookes Evelyn Bell Crompton[citation needed] Teasmade - Albert E. Richardson[citation needed] Magnification device . - Roger Bacon[citation needed] Thermosiphon which forms the cornerstone of their modern boiler system systems - Thomas Fowler[citation needed] Automatic electric kettle - Russell Hobbs[citation needed] Industrial processes English crucible steel - Benjamin Huntsman[citation needed] Steel production Bessemer process - Henry Bessemer[citation needed] Hydraulic press - Joseph Bramah[citation needed] Fourdrinier machine may be the grounds for newest papermaking machines - Henry Fourdrinier[citation needed] Parkesine, the initial man-made plastic - Alexander Parkes[citation needed] Portland cement - Joseph Aspdin[citation needed] Sheffield plate - Thomas Boulsover[citation needed] Water frame - Richard Arkwright[citation needed] Stainless-steel - Harry Brearley[citation needed] Rubber Masticator - Thomas Hancock[citation needed] Power Loom - Edmund Cartwright[citation needed] Parkes process - Alexander Parkes[citation needed] Lead chamber process - John Roebuck[citation needed] Developing on by far the first commercially successful production of quality flat glass together with the float glass process - Alastair Pilkington[citation needed] Pioneer's for the Industrial Revolution - Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Abraham Darby I - Abraham Darby II - Abraham Darby III - Robert Forester Mushet[citation needed] The pioneer commercial electroplating process - George Elkington[citation needed] Medical First correct description of circulation belonging to the blood - William Harvey[citation needed] Smallpox vaccine - Edward Jenner[citation needed] Antisepsis in surgery - Joseph Lister[citation needed] Artificial intraocular lens transplant surgery for cataract patients - Harold Ridley[citation needed] Clinical thermometer - Thomas Clifford Allbutt. Colour blindness first tagged by John Dalton in Extraordinary facts concerning the vision of colours Credited with discovering find out how to culture embryonic stem cells almost 30 years ago - Martin Evans[citation needed] Implemented innovative research to the utilization of penicillin while in the therapy for venereal disease along with the Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming working in london - Jack Suchet[citation needed] First hypotension measurement and first cardiac catheterisation-Stephen Hales Pioneer of anaesthesia and father of epidemiology for searching out the source of cholera - John Snow (physician)[citation needed] pioneered use of sodium cromoglycate being fix for asthma - Roger Altounyan[citation needed] The pioneer scientist to show than a cancer may very well be resulting from an environmental carcinogen anyone on the founders of orthopedy - Percivall Pott[citation needed] Performed the 1st blood transfusion - James Blundell[citation needed] Discovered the ingredient of Aspirin - Edward Stone[citation needed] Discovery of Protein crystallography - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin[citation needed] The modern world first successful stem cell transplant and also first British Bone Marrow Transplant using bone marrow from your matching sibling - John Raymond Hobbs[citation needed] First typhoid vaccine - Almroth Wright[citation needed] Pioneer from the treating epilepsy - Edward Henry Sieveking[citation needed] discovery of Nitrous oxide (entonox"laughing gas") and its particular anaesthetic properties - Humphrey Davy Computed Tomography (CT scanner) - Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield[citation needed] Gray's Anatomy widely regarded the primary complete body anatomy textbook - Henry Gray[citation needed] Discovered Parkinson's disease - James Parkinson[citation needed] General anaesthetic - Pionered by Scotsman James Young Simpson and Englishman John Snow[citation needed] Contributed towards healthy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - Sir Peter Mansfield[citation needed] Enhancing in vitro fertilization - Patrick Christopher Steptoe and Robert Geoffrey Edwards[citation needed] First test-tube baby - born 1978 England[citation needed] First baby genetically selected to get totally free of a breast cancers - University College London[citation needed] Viagra - Peter Dunn, Albert Wood, Dr Nicholas Terrett[citation needed] Pioneer of modern nursing - Florence Nightingale[citation needed] Acetylcholine - Henry Hallett Dale[citation needed] EKG (underlying principles) - various[citation needed] Vitamins and Tryptophan - Frederick Gowland Hopkins[citation needed] diagnostic ultrasound - John J. Wild (although his research was conducted in US)[citation needed] Identifying the mosquito being the carrier of malaria: Sir Ronald Ross (18571932) (born India, educated in England; mother English and father Scottish) Earliest pharmacopoeia in English Military Congreve rocket - William Congreve[citation needed] High explosive squash head - Sir Charles Dennistoun Burney[citation needed] Shrapnel shell - Henry Shrapnel[citation needed] Harrier Jump Jet[citation needed] Puckle Gun - James Puckle Concentration Camps - First employed Lord Kitchener through (Scotland comes with an earlier concentration camp in Edinburgh the Covenanters prison) South African War[citation needed] The inside by side Boxlock action, AKA The double barreled shotgun - Anson and Deeley[citation needed] Dreadnought Battleship[citation needed] Bailey Bridge - Donald Bailey[citation needed] Chobham armour[citation needed] Livens Projector - William Howard Livens Central towards the growth and development of H2S radar (airborne radar to help the bomb targeting) - Alan Blumlein[citation needed] Bouncing bomb - Barnes Wallis Safety fuse - William Bickford[citation needed] Armstrong Gun - Sir William Armstrong[citation needed] Depth charge[citation needed] Stun grenades - Designed by the SAS within the 60s.[citation needed] Smokeless propellant to change gunpowder by using Cordite - Frederick Abel[citation needed] Torpedo - Robert Whitehead[citation needed] Earth's first practical underwater active sound detection apparatus, the ASDIC Active Sonar - Brought to life by Canadian physicist Robert William Boyle and English physicist Albert Beaumont Wood[citation needed] The best self-powered machine gun Maxim gun - Sir Hiram Maxim, However the Inventor is American, the Maxim gun was financed by Albert Vickers of Vickers Limited company and manufactured in Hatton Garden London[citation needed] Steam catapult-Commander Colin C. Mitchell RNVR[citation needed] Mining Davy lamp - Humphry Davy[citation needed] Geordie lamp - George Stephenson[citation needed] Beam engine - Intended for pumping water from mines[citation needed] Musical instruments Concertina - Charles Wheatstone[citation needed] Theatre organ - Robert Hope-Jones[citation needed] English horn - A version belonging to the Oboe Logical bassoon, an electronically controlled version of one's bassoon - Giles Brindley[citation needed] Northumbrian smallpipes Tuning fork - John Shore[citation needed] Photography Ambrotype - Frederick Scott Archer[citation needed] Calotype - William Fox Talbot[citation needed] Collodion process - Frederick Scott Archer[citation needed] Stereoscope - Charles Wheatstone[citation needed] Thomas Wedgwood - pioneer of photography, devised the technique copying visible images chemically to permanent media.[citation needed] Dry plate process also called gelatine process, is a first economically successful durable photographic medium - Richard Leach Maddox[citation needed] Kinemacolor was the original successful colour movie process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914 - George Albert Smith[citation needed] cinematography - William Friese-Greene[citation needed] Motion picture camera, the Kinetoscope - William Kennedy Laurie Dickson[citation needed] The primary movie projector, the Zoopraxiscope - Eadweard Muybridge[citation needed] The earliest experimental film called "The Horse in Motion" in 1872 - Eadweard Muybridge[citation needed] Science Modern atomic theory - John Dalton[citation needed] Equals sign Robert Recorde, Welshman[citation needed] Compound microscope with 30x magnification - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Universal Joint - Robert Hooke[citation needed] The Iris diaphragm - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Anchor escapement and also the balance spring, which made more accurate clocks possible - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Correct theory of combustion - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Chromatography - Richard Laurence Millington Synge[citation needed] Arnold Frederic Wilkins - pioneer from the increase of Radar[citation needed] Atwood machine designed for illustrating legislation of uniformly accelerated motion - George Atwood[citation needed] Barometer, anemometer, and hygrometer (invented or improved) - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Hooke's Law (equation describing elasticity) - Robert Hooke[citation needed] Power generator (dynamo) - Michael Faraday[citation needed] Cavity magnetron - Harry Boot critical component for Microwave generation in Microwave ovens and super charged Radios[citation needed] Calculus - Sir Isaac Newton[citation needed] Galvanometer - William Sturgeon[citation needed] Infrared radiation - discovery commonly caused by William Herschel.[citation needed] Holography - First made by Dennis Gabor in Rugby, England. Improved by Nicholas J. Phillips who got possible to record multi-colour reflection holograms[citation needed] Discovery on the pion (pi-meson) - Cecil Frank Powell[citation needed] Wheatstone bridge - Samuel Hunter Christie[citation needed] Triple achromatic lens - Peter Dollond[citation needed] Newtonian telescope - Sir Isaac Newton[citation needed] Hawking radiation - Stephen Hawking[citation needed] Demonstrated that electric circuits obey what the law states of the conservation of energy and therefore electricity is definitely a type of energy First Law of Thermodynamics. Also the gps device of one's, the Joule is termed after him - James Prescott Joule[citation needed] Micrometer - Sir William Gascoigne[citation needed] the earliest bench micrometer which has been able of measuring to one ten thousandth of an inch - Henry Maudslay[citation needed] Sinclair Executive, the first small electronic pocket calculator - Sir Clive Sinclair[citation needed] Discovered the element argon - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh with Scotsman William Ramsay[citation needed] Standard deviation - Francis Galton[citation needed] Slide rule - William Oughtred Synthesis of coumarin, among the first synthetic perfumes, and cinnamic acid through the Perkin reaction- William Henry Perkin[citation needed] The Law of Gravity - Sir Isaac Newton[citation needed] Newton's laws of motion - Sir Isaac Newton[citation needed] DNA fingerprinting - Sir Alec Jeffreys[citation needed] Smallpox Vaccination - Edward Jenner[citation needed] Electromagnet - William Sturgeon[citation needed] Helium - Norman Lockyer[citation needed] Weather map - Sir Francis Galton Introduced the "" symbol for multiplication in addition to abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for those sine and cosine functions - William Oughtred[citation needed] Dew Point Hygrometer - John Frederic Daniell[citation needed] Periodic Table - John Alexander Reina Newlands[citation needed] Splitting the atom - John Cockcroft and Irish physicist Ernest Walton[citation needed] Seismograph - John Milne[citation needed] Discovery of oxygen gas (O2) - Joseph Priestley[citation needed] Discovery belonging to the Atom(nuclear kind of) - Ernest Rutherford[citation needed] Discovery with the Proton - Ernest Rutherford[citation needed] Discovery with the Electron, isotopes and the inventor for the Mass spectrometer - J. J. Thomson[citation needed] Discovery belonging to the Neutron - James Chadwick[citation needed] Discovery of Hydrogen - Henry Cavendish[citation needed] Nuclear transfer - May be a type of cloning first practiced by Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell to clone Dolly the Sheep[citation needed] Theory of Evolution - Charles Darwin[citation needed] Transport Railways The 1st full scale railway steam locomotive was constructed in 1804 - Richard Trevithick[citation needed] Great Western Railway - Isambard Kingdom Brunel[citation needed] Stockton and Darlington Railway the Worlds first operational steam passenger railway[citation needed] First inter-city steam-powered railway - Liverpool and Manchester Railway[citation needed] Locomotives Blcher - George Stephenson[citation needed] Puffing Billy -William Hedley[citation needed] Locomotion No 1 - Robert Stephenson[citation needed] Sans Pareil - Timothy Hackworth[citation needed] Stourbridge Lion - Foster, Rastrick and Company[citation needed] Stephenson's Rocket - George and Robert Stephenson[citation needed] The Salamanca - Matthew Murray[citation needed] Other railway developments Displacement lubricator, Ramsbottom safety valve, the river trough, the split piston ring - John Ramsbottom[citation needed] Maglev (transport) rail system - Eric Laithwaite[citation needed] World's oldest underground railway and the oldest rapid transit system. Rrt had been also the primary underground railway to own electric trains - London underground[citation needed] Advanced Passenger Train(APT) was an experimental Broadband internet Train that introduced tilting - British Rail[citation needed] Roads Bowden cable - Frank Bowden[citation needed] Cat's eye - Percy Shaw Hansom cab - Joseph Hansom[citation needed] Seatbelt - George Cayley[citation needed] Sinclair C5 - Sir Clive Sinclair[citation needed] Inventor of tarmac - E. Purnell Hooley[citation needed] Tension-spokeWire wheels - George Cayley[citation needed] Belisha beacon - Leslie Hore-Belisha[citation needed] ThrustSSC jet-propelled car holds the World Land Speed Record, it achieved a speed of merely one,228 km/h (763 mph). The was created and integrated England - ThrustSSC Project director Richard Noble, Developed by Ron Ayers, Glynne Bowsher, Jeremy Bliss and piloted by Andy Green[citation needed] Lotus 25 Accepted as the very first modern F1 race car developed for the 1962 F1 season. It has been a revolutionary design the most important fully stressed monocoque chassis to show up in F1 - Colin Chapman, Team Lotus[citation needed] Horstmann suspension, tracked armoured fighting vehicle suspension - Sidney Horstmann[citation needed] Steam fire engine - John Braithwaite[citation needed] Safety bicycle - John Kemp Starley & Dan Albone[citation needed] First traffic lights installed (gas lamp) - Outside Houses of Parliament, London. December 10, 1868[citation needed] First automatic traffic lights installed - Wolverhampton England. 1927[citation needed] Sea Plimsol line - Samuel Plimsoll[citation needed] Hovercraft - Christopher Cockerell[citation needed] Lifeboat - Lionel Lukin[citation needed] Resurgam - George Garrett[citation needed] Richard Hall Gower Transit (ship)[citation needed] Submarine - Produced by Englishman William Bourne and built by Dutchman Cornelius Drebbel in 1620[citation needed] SS The british isles, the earth's first steam-powered, screw propeller-driven passenger liner that has an iron hull. Created by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and launched in 1843 it was once the most important ship afloat.[citation needed] Turbinia, the best steam turbine powered steamship, developed by the engineer Sir Charles Algernon Parsons and integrated Newcastle upon Tyne[citation needed] Diving Equipment/Scuba Gear - Henry Fleuss[citation needed] Diving bell - Edmund Halley[citation needed] Sextant - John Bird[citation needed] Octant (instrument) - Independently made by Englishman John Hadley together with the American Thomas Godfrey[citation needed] Whirling speculum, Item can be found being precursor towards gyroscope - John Serson[citation needed] Screw propeller - Francis Pettit Smith[citation needed] The earth's first patent for an underwater echo ranging device (Sonar) - Lewis Richardson[citation needed] hydrophone Ahead of invention of Sonar convoy escort ships used the property to detect U-boats, greatly lessening the strength of the submarine - Research headed by Ernest Rutherford[citation needed] Air Aeronautics and flight - George Cayley[citation needed] Jet Engine - Sir Frank Whittle[citation needed] Steam Powered Flight with the Aerial Steam Carriage - John Stringfellow- The world's first powered flight developed at Chard in Somerset 55 years prior to a Wright brothers attempt for Kitty Hawk[citation needed] VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) fighter-bomber aircraft - Hawker P.1127, Manufactured by Sydney Camm[citation needed] The very first commercial jet airliner (de Havilland Comet)[citation needed] Pioneer of parachute design - Robert Cocking[citation needed] Pioneer of glider development & first well-documented human flight. He discovered and identified the four aerodynamic forces of flight - weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Modern airplane design is dependant those discoveries including cambered wings. He can be sometimes known as "Father of aviation" - George Cayley[citation needed] Hale rockets, improved version of this Congreve rocket design that introduced Thrust vectoring - William Hale[citation needed] Sport Football - The policies as we know them today were established in 1848 at Cambridge University, Sheffield F.C. is acknowledged by its Football Association and FIFA to remain the Worlds First and oldest Soccer team. Rugby - William Webb Ellis[citation needed] Cricket - the earth's second-most popular sport is usually traced returning to the 13th century Tennis - reputed to have came from England. Badminton - Modern rules within the game premiered in 1873 along the Badminton House after being imported from India by British soldiers.[citation needed] Boxing - England played a vital role from the evolution of recent boxing[citation needed] Darts - an established pub game, the numbering layout was devised by Brian Gamlin[citation needed] Table-Tennis - was invented in the dinner tables of Britain for indoor version of tennis[citation needed] Table tennis - This game have their origins in England, inside 1880s[citation needed] Bowls - was traced to 13th century England Field hockey - the trendy game grew from English public schools noisy . 19th century[citation needed] Netball - netball was first took part in England in 1895 at Madame Osterburg's College, Invented by Clara Gregory Baer as women's basketball, adopted in England as Netball Rounders - the experience originates in England probably from an older game known as stool ball[citation needed] The Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, the best race was at 1829 in the River Thames working in london Thoroughbred Horseracing - Was initially coded in 17th and 1700s England[citation needed] Polo - its roots began in Persia being a training game for cavalry units, the formal codification of one's rules of recent Polo being sport were established in 19th century England[citation needed] The format of recent Olympics - William Penny Brookes[citation needed] The first Paralympic games competition were kept in England in 1948 - Ludwig Guttmann Miscellaneous Bayko - Charles Plimpton[citation needed] Linoleum - Frederick Walton Meccano - Frank Hornby[citation needed] Crossword puzzle - Arthur Wynne[citation needed] Gas Mask - (disputed) John Tyndall and others[citation needed] Graphic telescope - Cornelius Varley[citation needed] Steel-ribbed Umbrella - Samuel Fox[citation needed] Plastic - Alexander Parkes[citation needed] Plasticine - William Harbutt[citation needed] Police - Robert Peel[citation needed] Carbonated soda - Joseph Priestley[citation needed] Friction Match - John Walker[citation needed] Invented the rubber balloon - Michael Faraday[citation needed] Earliest concept of a Metric system - John Wilkins[citation needed] Edmondson railway ticket - Thomas Edmondson[citation needed] The worlds first Nature Reserve - Charles Waterton[citation needed] Public Park - Joseph Paxton[citation needed] Scouts - Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell[citation needed] Spirograph - Denys Fisher[citation needed] The Young Men's Christian Association YMCA was founded in London - George Williams (YMCA)[citation needed] The Salvation Army, known for being one of many largest distributors of humanitarian aid - Methodist minister William Booth[citation needed] Prime meridian - George Biddell Airy[citation needed] Western world - Founding Fathers who wrote the U.S. Commitment of Independence and U.S. Constitution were of primarily English descent Produced the main complete printed translation for the Bible into English - Myles Coverdale[citation needed] Silicone - Frederick Kipping[citation needed] See also Welsh inventions and discoveries Scottish inventions and discoveries Irish inventions and discoveries Dutch inventions and discoveries German inventions and discoveries Swedish inventions Science in Medieval Western Europe References ^ "Tiscali encyclopaedia: Seed drill". http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006239.html.  ^ Mr. Herschel and Dr. Watson (1781). "Account of any Comet. By Mr. Herschel, F. R. S.; Communicated by Dr. Watson, Jun. of Bath, F. R. S." (PDF). Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 71: 492501. doi:10.1098/rstl.1781.0056. http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/71/492.full.pdf+html.  ^ "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html.  ^ ^ The British Postal Museum & Archive Rowland Hill Postal Reforms ^ Earnshaw, Iris (November 2003). "The Reputation Christmas Cards". Inverloch Historical Society Inc.. http://home.vicnet.net.au/~invhs/2004.htm. Retrieved 2008-07-25.  ^ http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/vals.html ^ "About TREVOR BAYLIS the inventor belonging to the windup technology". http://windupradio.com/trevor.htm.  ^ a b "From the Monthly Notices of your Royal Astronomical Society 70, 517-526, 645 (Errata) (1910) By Major-General H. P. Babbage". http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/hpb1910.html.  ^ a b "Turing biography". http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Turing.html.  ^ "Annals within the Status for Computing, Volume 5, Number 3, July 1983 . p239, The appearance of Colossus, THOMAS H. FLOWERS". http://www.ivorcatt.com/47c.htm.  ^ "Frequently asked questions with the Press - Tim BL". http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/FAQ.  ^ "The Origin and Evolution for the Anchor Clock Escapement". http://www.oocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/3934/anchor.html.  ^ A. R. Hall, "Horology and criticism: Robert Hooke", Studia Copernicana, XVI, Ossolineum, 1978, 261-81 ^ "Longitude clock comes alive". BBC News. 2002-03-11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1864737.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-03.  ^ ^ Liber cure Cocorum - A sophisticated English Translation with Notes, -Based on Richard Morris' transcription of 1862. ^ Eales, Mary (1985) . Mrs. Mary Eales's Receipts. London: Prospect Books. ISBN 0-907325-25-4. OCLC 228661650.  ^ http://www.pancakeology.com/node/5 ^ Mary Bellis (2009-03-06). "Joseph Priestley - Soda Water - Joseph Priestly". Inventors.about.com. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blJosephPriestley.htm. Retrieved 2009-06-08.  ^ [Keogh, Brian (1997) The facts Sauce: a History of Lea & Perrins ISBN 9780953216918] ^ http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=FR&NR=579765&KC=&FT=E ^ "1866." The People's Chronology. Ed. Jason M. Everett. Thomson Gale, 2006. eNotes.com. 2006. 13 May 2007 ^ Dalton J, 1798 "Extraordinary facts concerning the vision of colours: with observations" Memoirs in the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester 5 28-45 ^ Morris Fishbein, M.D., ed (1976). "Anesthesia". The ultra-modern Illustrated Health and medical Encyclopedia. 1 (Home Library Edition ed.). Big apple, N.Y. 10016: H. S. Stuttman Co. pp. 89 ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1044312/pdf/medhist00014-0139.pdf ^ The usage of Gas From the Field, 1940 ^ "The Oughtred Society: Slide Rule History". http://www.oughtred.org/history-new.shtml.  ^ Francis Galton (18221911) from Eric Weisstein's Field of Scientific Biography ^ "The day Percy saw the light!". http://www.halifaxtoday.co.uk/mk4custompages/CustomPage.aspx?PageID=39556.  ^ Encyclopedia of British Football by Richard Cox et al., Routledge, 2002 page 5 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Frederick Walton : Oxford Biography Index entry v  d  e Inventions by nation or region Lists of inventors British (English  Welsh)  German  Jewish  New Zealand  Romanian  Russian Lists of inventions Britain: (England  Scotland)  Byzantine Empire  Canada  China  France  Germany  India  Medieval Islam  Italy  Japan  Korea  Netherlands  Russia Timelines of inventions Australia  Ireland  Islamic world  Sweden  National v  d  e  England topics History Timeline  Prehistoric  Roman Britain  Logres  Heptarchy  Anglo-Saxon England  Kingdom of England  Norman conquest  Angevin Empire  Wars from the Roses  Tudor period  Stuart period  English Renaissance  English Reformation  Elizabethan era  Jacobean era  Civil War  Union with Scotland  Georgian era  Regency  Victorian era  Edwardian period  The Blitz  Maritime great England Politics Governance (Elizabethan)  Parliament  Monarchy  Economy Geography Regions  Counties  Districts  Gardens  Islands  Places  Towns  Parishes Demographics English language in England  English people (list) Culture Castles  Religion  Church of England  Education  Museums  Innovations and discoveries  Cuisine  Anglophilia Symbols National flag (list)  Heraldry  Coat of arms  Tudor Rose  Oak tree  St. George (St. George's Day) Sport Football (The Football Association, national football team)   Cricket (National cricket team)  Rugby league  Rugby union (National rugby team, Rugby Football Union)  Wimbledon England portal Categories: Inventions English inventions Great England Reputation of technology Lists of inventions or discoveriesHidden categories: Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009 All articles with unsourced statements Incomplete lists Articles with unsourced statements from December 2009 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008 My group is China Product writer, reports some facts about luxury bedding comforters , jacquard comforter set. 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