History The past of the Hells Angels is shrouded in mystery and controversy, due in part that the various individuals have been solely caused by its founding, and in addition due partially to your very strict code of secrecy and try this advice be construed being a practice of deliberate mythologizing by some people in the club. Members avoid the use of last names, despite having each other. Merely try a name, and, most likely, a nickname. Car without any colorful history and the confirmed links of a part of its members to organized crime, speculation and rumor about their club's history and activities are rife. The Hells Angels were originally formed in 1948 in Fontana, California. by using a amalgamation of former members from different motorcycle clubs, just like the The Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington. The name "Hells Angels" was told have already been inspired from the common historical use, both in World War I and The second world war, to squadrons and also other fighting groups by fierce, death-defying name. The Flying Tigers in China fielded three squadrons of aircraft, then one squadron was named "Hell's Angels". The 1930 Howard Hughes film Hell's Angels displayed extraordinary and dangerous feats of aviation. Several military units used the name Hells Angels prior to a founding for the motorcycle club of the identical name, like U.S. Air Force 303rd USAAF Heavy Bombardment Group (H), a military unit formed in early many Wwii, and the 11th Airborne Division. Some Hells Angels have attempted to dispel the advantage that there's any connection, except the name, in between the HAMC as well as the historic military Hell's Angels.[citation needed] The group's official website clarifies the fact that name was suggested within the founders of one's club by the friend of theirs, Arvid "Oley" Olsen, who had been part on the Flying Tigers. No actual people in that squadron became people in the HAMC. Some from the early status for the HAMC seriously isn't clear, and accounts differ. In keeping with Ralph 'Sonny' Barger, founding father of the Oakland chapter, early chapters from the club were founded in Phoenix, Gardena, Fontana, in addition to other places independently of a another, with all the members usually being unaware that there were other Hells Angels clubs. Other sources advise that the Hells Angels in Phoenix were originally organized in 1953 by Rocky Graves, a Hells Angel member from San Bernardino ("Berdoo"). This indicates the fact that "Frisco" Hells Angels were a great deal attentive to their forebearers. Reported by another account, the Hells Angels club has been a successor to "P.O.B.O.B." Motorcycle club, The "Frisco" Hells Angels were reorganized in 1955 with thirteen charter members; Frank Sadliek, who designed the actual death's head logo, served as President. The Oakland chapter, at this point headed by Barger, used a better version belonging to the patch nicknamed the "Barger Larger" which later was crowned club standard. The Hells Angels are occasionally depicted in any similar mythical fashion because the James-Younger Gang, as modern day legends, or as free spirited and iconic of an era of brotherhood and loyalty. Others describe them as the violent criminal gang with a scourge on society. Insignia The patch worn by people in Hells Angels France The Hells Angels official websites attributes the official "death's head" insignia design to Frank Sadilek, past president of your Sf Chapter. The shades and model of the early-style jacket emblem (just prior to 1953) were copied of your insignias of your 85th Fighter Squadron and then the 552nd Medium Bomber Squadron. The Hells Angels start using a system of patches, the same as military medals. The specific purpose of each patch shouldn't be publicly known, the patches identify specific or significant actions or beliefs of each biker. The state run colors belonging to the Hells Angels are red lettering displayed on a white backgroundence the club's nickname "The Red and White". These patches are worn on leather or denim jackets and vests. Red and white will also be useful to display the stove 81 on many patches, such as "Support 81, Route 81". The 8 and 1 symbolize the respective positions on the alphabet of H in addition to a. Most are employed friends and supporters of one's club, as only full members are able to wear any Hells Angels imagery. The diamond-shaped one-percenter patch is as well used, displaying '1%', in red with a white background which has a red merrowed border. The phrase one-percenter is claimed as being a step to the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA) reply to the Hollister incident, in to the effect that 99% of motorcyclists were law-abiding citizens and also the last 1% were outlaws. The AMA does not have record of the an argument in the press, and refer to this as story apocryphal. Most members wear a rectangular patch (again, white background with red letters along with a red merrowed border) identifying their respective chapter locations. Another similarly designed patch reads "Hells Angels". When applicable, people in the club wear an area denoting their position or rank inside the organization. The patch is rectangular, and, much like the patches described above, displays a white background with red letters and also a red merrowed border. Some examples for the titles used are President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Sergeant at Arms. This patch will be worn over the 'club location' patch. Some members also wear an area with the initials "AFFA", which means "Angels Forever; Forever Angels", referring to their lifelong membership around the biker club (i.e., "once a user, always a member"). The book Gangs, developed by Tony Thompson (an offense correspondent towards the Observer newspaper), states that Stephen Cunningham, an associate within the Angels, sported an exciting new patch after he recovered from wanting to set a bomb: two Nazi-style SS lightning bolts below which 'Filthy Few'. Some law enforcement officials state that the patch is awarded to the that definitely have committed, or are likely to commit, murder for the club. In line with an investigation with the R. v. Bonner and Lindsay case in 2005 (see related section below), another patch, like the 'Filthy Few' patch, may be the 'Dequiallo' patch. This patch "signifies of the fact that wearer has fought police force on arrest". There is not any common convention regarding where patches are located relating to the members' jacket/vest. In March 2007 the Hells Angels sued against Disney world Movies Group alleging the fact that the film entitled Wild Hogs used both the name and distinctive logo belonging to the Hells Angels Motorcycle Corporation without permission. Membership The full requirements in becoming a Hells Angel are classified as the following: candidates must remain male, white, have a very valid license, have got a working motorcycle and should not turn into a child molester or have put on to turn into cop or prison guard. After an extensive, phased process, a prospective member is first deemed becoming a 'Hang-around', indicating which the individual is invited to many club events or even meet club members at known gathering places. If the Hang-around is interested, he might have to become an 'Associate', a standing that usually lasts one year or two. Towards the end of those stage, she's reclassified as 'Prospect', engaging in some club activities, except for having voting privileges, as they is evaluated for suitability being full member. One more phase, and highest membership status, is 'Full Membership' or 'Full-Patch'. The word Full-Patch refers back to the complete four-piece crest, comprising the 'Death's Head' logo, two rockers (top rocker: 'Hells Angels'; bottom rocker: State or Territory claimed) together with the rectangular 'MC' patch below the wing from the Death's Head. Prospects should wear only a bottom rocker using the State or Territory name along with the rectangular 'MC' patch. To turned into a full member, the outlook have to be voted on by rest of the full club members. Before votes being cast, a Prospect usually travels to every chapter during the sponsoring chapter's geographic jurisdiction (state/province/territory) and introduces himself to each and every Full-Patch. This allows each voting member to get knowledgeable about the subject and also to ask questions of doubt duplicate one book vote. Successful admission usually requires regarding green simple majority, as well as some clubs may reject a Prospect to have a single dissenting vote. Any formal induction follows, wherein the candidate affirms his loyalty towards the club and the members. The total logo patch (top Hells Angels rocker) will be awarded at the initiation ceremony. The step of attaining full membership are usually labelled as "being patched". Even from a member is patched-in the patches themselves remain the property or house of HAMC as opposed to the member. On leaving the Hells Angels, or being ejected, they ought to be returned into the club. Official chapters A Hells Angels wall mural in Southampton, UK, a well-known local landmark that could be seen by rail passengers in the London Waterloo to Weymouth south coast main line because they approach Southampton Central station. The HAMC acknowledges several hundred chapters spread over 29 countries. The earliest official chapter not in the U.S. was formed in New Zealand in 1961. Europe just didn't become house to the Hells Angels until 1969, when two London chapters were formed after the Beatle George Harrison invited some people in the HAMC San fran to London. Two people from London visited California, "prospected", and ultimately joined. Two charters were issued on July 30, 1969; one for "South London", another for "East London" but by 1973 two of the charters came together united, simply called "London". The London Angels provided security during a range of UK Underground festivals including Phun City in 1970 organized by anarchist International Times writer and lead singer with all the The Deviants Mick Farren. They even awarded Farren an "approval patch" in 1970 as replacements on his first solo album Mona, this featured Steve Peregrin Took (who had previously been credited as "Shagrat the Vagrant"). The 1980s and 1990s saw a leading expansion of this club into Canada. A directory acknowledged chapters can be obtained on your HAMC club's official site. Criminal activities Country California This section might benefit from cleanup to satisfy Wikipedia's quality standards. Please improve this if you possibly can. (October 2008) Altamont One major event in Hells Angels' history involved the December 6, 1969, Altamont Free Concert within the Altamont Speedway partially documented within the 1970 film Gimme Shelter featuring Jefferson Airplane, The Flying Burrito Brothers, and also Rolling Stones. The Grateful Dead were also scheduled to carry out but canceled at the last second attributable to the ensuing circumstances on the venue. The Angels had been hired by its Rolling Stones as crowd to protect a fee which has been told include $500 amount of beer. The Angels parked their motorcycles ahead of the stage to make a buffer from the stage and then the many concertgoers. Crowd management become difficult: many spectators were injured and four died. One was Meredith Hunter, two others were killed from a hit-and-run driver and therefore the fourth died when he drowned from a puddle of water. Throughout the same day, the Hells Angels became increasingly agitated since the crowd turned more aggressive. Denise Jewkes of one's Ace of Cups, few months pregnant additionally, on stage observing, was hit in your head by an empty beer bottle thrown belonging to the crowd and appeared inside hospital accompanied by a fractured skull. At the murder trial of Hells Angel Alan Passaro, a security alarm guard testified he heard the Hells Angels being summoned above the loudspeakers should the helicopter bearing The Rolling Stones landed. Debate after the event was over whether or not the Hells Angels were to take care of to safeguard your complete concert or to with the Rolling Stones. Sam Cutler, the Stones' agent who had arranged to pay for the Hells Angels said their role was as bodyguards in to the Rolling Stones. I thought this was denied from the Hells Angels and more connected to the event. Through the opening act of Santana, the Hells Angels surged straight into the crowd numerous times to remain persons off stage. By the amount of time The Rolling Stones took stage, numerous incidents of violence had occurred both between your Hells Angels and internally inside of the crowd. A huge circus performer weighing over 350 pounds stripped naked and plunged from the crowd. Concert goers got down to detain him. Several Hells Angels leaped of your stage and subdued the guy with fists and pool cues. Onlookers of between 4,000 and 5,000 had jammed into the very fringe of activity is, and a lot of attempt to climb onto it. The Angels used sawn-off pool cues for you to control the group. After one of the many Angels' tandem was knocked over, the Angels became all the more aggressive, even toward the performers onstage. Marty Balin of Jefferson Airplane was knocked unconscious following a problem having an Angel on stage as welcomed in the documentary film Gimme Shelter. The Grateful Dead refused to use after the Balin incident, and left the venue. A shoving match erupted near to the stage by carrying out a rendition with the song Under My Thumb. A concert patron known as Meredith Hunter produced a handgun.[neutrality is disputed] Hunter was stabbed to death. A Hells Angel member, Alan Passaro, was later acquitted of murder on grounds of self-defense. Following on from the concert and critical media focus on the HAMC, Sonny Barger left on a neighborhood California radio station to warrant what for the Hells Angels and present their side in the story. He claimed that violence only started once the crowd began vandalizing the Hells Angels' motorcycles. Barger would later claim that Meredith fired an effort which struck a Hells Angels member of what he termed "just a flesh wound." In 2005, after the two year exhaustive cold-case renewal of this file, the Alameda County District Attorney's office permanently closed the truth. An enhanced and delayed version belonging to the original film footage was produced for that police, and after examining it Alameda County Sheriff's Sgt. Scott Dudek said Passaro, who died in 1985, was the only person to stab Hunter anf the accomplished it only after Hunter pointed a handgun for the stage the location where the Stones were performing. Alan Passaro is the only family that stabbed Meredith Hunter, Dudek said, adding that Passaro's lawyer confirmed his client was the only real assailant. "Passaro acted with a knife to cease Meredith Hunter from shooting." What's more, enhanced and slowed-down footage on the film shows Hunter brandishing the handgun in advance of Passaro stabs him. Nevada River Run Riot The River Run Riot occurred on April 27, 2002, from the Harrah's Casino & Hotel in Laughlin, Nevada. Members of the Hells Angels and also Mongols motorcycle clubs fought 1 about the casino floor. Due to this fact, Mongol Anthony Barrera, 43, was stabbed to death, and Hells Angels, Jeramie Bell, 27, and Robert Tumelty, 50, were shot to death. On February 23, 2007 Hells Angels members James Hannigan and Rodney Cox were sentenced to two years imprisonment. Cox and Hannigan were captured on videotape confronting Mongols members contained in the casino. A Hells Angel member might be clearly seen in the casino security videotape conducting a front kick on your Mongol biker member, resulting in the ensuing melee. However, ahead of this altercation, several incidents of harassment and provocation were noted from the Clark County, Nevada Grand Jury hearings as being previously perpetrated upon The Hells Angels. People in the Mongols accosted a vendor's table selling Hells Angels trademarked items, had surrounded a Hells Angel and demanded he remove club clothing. In addition, nine witnesses claimed your strugle began because a Mongol kicked an affiliate in the Hells Angels. Whatever which minor physical incident goes for getting "caused the melee", it is actually clear that this Hells Angels had get to confront the Mongols concerning their actions. Attorneys for any group claim these folks defending themselves from an attack initiated by its Mongols. Charges were dismissed against 36 other Hells Angels originally named within the indictment. San francisco Roberta Shalaby assault On January 28, 2007 a named Roberta Shalaby was found badly beaten on your sidewalk away from the Hells Angels' clubhouse in at 77 East Third Street on the East Village, Manhattan. The resulting investigation through NYPD appears to have been criticized by way of the group for its intensity. The authorities were refused usage of the Hells Angels clubhouse and responded by closing off of the area, establishing sniper positions, and turning in armored personnel carriers. After finding a warrant, police officers searched the club-house and arrested one Hells Angel who was simply later released. The group says he will have no experience with the beating of Roberta Shalaby. Five security cameras cover the doorway to your Texas chapter's East 3rd Street club house, however the NY HAMC maintains nobody knows how Shalaby was beaten nearly to death at their entrance. The members were later exonerated and therefore the club is currently suing the location of the latest York for damages to the clubhouse. Washington Michael Walsh murder, racketeering In 2001 Hells Angels Rodney Lee Rollness and Joshua Binder murdered Michael "Santa" Walsh, who had allegedly falsely claimed will probably be part of the Hells Angels. Paul Foster, looking to join the Hells Angels, aided inside murder by luring Walsh to your party at his house and helping face mask the crime. West Coast leader Richard "Smilin' Rick" Fable, together with Rollness and Binder, were also convicted of various racketeering offenses. Canada Main article: 2009 Vancouver gang war The Vancouver Sun newspaper reports that Canada has more Hells Angels members per capita than virtually any country, just like the U.S., where there are chapters in about 20 states. Mr. Ral Mnard (Montral, PQ) testified in Parliament that the Hells Angels had 38 chapters in Canada in 1995-1997. The Hells Angels established their first Canadian chapters from the province of Quebec through seventies. The Outlaws and a lot of affiliated independent clubs had the ability to keep Angels from assuming a dominant position in Ontario, Canada's most populous province, prior to nineties, while the Grim Reapers of Alberta, Los Bravos in Manitoba, plus some other independent clubs surrounding the prairies formed a loose alliance that kept the Hells Angels from assuming dominance while in the prairie provinces so that the late nineties. By 1997, within the leadership of Walter "Nurget" Stadnick, the Hells Angels took over as the dominant club not just in BC and Quebec, but around Canada, with chapters in a minimum of seven of ten provinces and of this three territories. Lindsay and Bonner trial In 2002 Crown Prosecutor Graeme Williams sought to offer the Hells Angels formally declared a "criminal organization" by utilizing the anti-gang legislation (Bill C-24) towards criminal prosecution between Hells Angels and a couple of of that members, Stephen (Tiger) Lindsay and Raymond (Razor) Bonner. The prosecution team launched a 3 year investigation aided by the purpose of collecting evidence to the trial. At the final outcome of this trial in June 2005, Ontario Justice Michelle Fuerst ruled that Lindsay and Bonner had committed extortion in colaboration with a criminal organization coupled with used the Hells Angels' reputation for a weapon. Quebec Main article: Quebec Biker war Main article: Lennoxville massacre The Quebec Biker war regarding the Hells Angels as well as Rock Machine that began in 1994 and continued until late 2002 claimed in excess of 150 lives, including some innocent bystanders. Maurice (aka Mom Boucher ) Boucher was leading the way belonging to the Quebec chapters and second-in-command of your Canadian Nomad chapter, an instalment and no fixed geographic base. In May 2002 Boucher received an automatic life sentence, without any possibility for parole no less than Quarter of a century, after conviction two counts of first-degree murder for ones killings of two Canadian prison guards, ambushed enroute home. About the 15th April 2009, operation SharQc was conducted by its provincial police force sret du Qubec. Operation SharQc The tough shell of secrecy that protected the Hells Angels cardio finally cracked throughout an investigation that has resulted in the arrests of virtually every an affiliate the gang in Quebec. On your 15th April 2009, operation SharQc was conducted via the provincial the police sret du Qubec. Simple fact is that biggest strike for the HAMC in Canada's background probably in all of of HAMC's history. In every one 177 strikes were conducted through the police, 123 members were arrested, charges were mostly for first-degree murder, attempted murder, gangsterism or drug trafficking. The police seized $5 million in cash, a wide selection of kilograms of cocaine, marijuana and hashish, and a large number of pills. The operation could, sooner or later run up to the closing of 22 unsolved murders. Operation SharQc involved a full-patch member of the gang turning informant, a truly rare occurrence in Quebec. Ontario Project Tandem Raids In September 2006, after an 18 month Investigation conducted by numerous the law agencies, 500 officers and 21 tactical teams raided property connected to the Hells Angels chapters in Ontario. At the very least 27 members were arrested this 15 were people in the Hells Angels. Property seized was worth around 1 million dollars and included $470,000 in cash, $300,000 in vehicles and $140,000 in motorcycles. During the raids, drugs similar to cocaine and ecstasy were seized; the entire street worth of drugs seized was around 3 million dollars. Project Develop In April 2007, after another 18 month investigation, 32 Club Houses were raided in Ontario, New Brunswick and British Columbia. The Hells Angels Clubhouse on 498 Eastern Avenue in Toronto was raided because of the Biker Enforcement Unit of your OPP and members of the Toronto Police Service on April 4, 2007, as a minimum 15 people in the Hells Angels were detained and charged with drug and weapons offenses around the Eastern Avenue Clubhouse raid. Consistent with police, Project Develop seized some 500 litres of GHB worth nearly $996,000, nine kilograms of cocaine, two kilograms of hashish and oxycodone and Viagra pills. Police also seized $21,000 importance of cash. Project Develop also seized 67 rifles, five handguns, three pairs of brass knuckles as well as a police baton. British Columbia Project E-Pandora Investigations In late 2004 to 2005 the culmination of investigations straight into the actions of this motorcycle club generated charges against 18 people including members of the Hells Angels along with associates of your gang. Background In July 2003, a guy agreed to give police information. He had become the police agent around whom much of the E-Pandora investigation ensued. Charges arose from project E-Pandora, an intensive police investigation, into your alleged criminal activities of the East End Charter in the Hells Angels (the "EEHA"). The data here included intercepted private communications including telephone and audio tracks, physical surveillance, and expert evidence. The truth would eventually become dubbed the trial of R. v. Giles and see 3 charged individuals appear prior to when the Top court of Bc (SCBC). 72 appearances would span from 14 May, 2007 until 20 February, 2008 and, by order of Madam Justice MacKenzie, contain a publication ban on related trials. Ruling On March 27, 2008, the SCBC Justice MacKenzie ruled against prosecutors who had experimented with convict a Hells Angels member of possession towards the benefit of a criminal organization. Although two associates of the Hells Angels, David Roger Revell, 43, and Richard Andrew Rempel, 24, were in prison for possession when it comes to trafficking, Justice MacKenzie concluded that using the acquittal of this only Hells Angel member being tried, David Francis Giles, for the control of possessing cocaine when it comes to trafficking, the next charge against him (count two) of possessing it for those selling point of a criminal organization had to reluctantly fail too. Summing up, Revell and Rempel put together guilty but Giles was found harmless on either count. Also, Revell and Rempel were found simple relating to the control of possession of cocaine when considering trafficking. In her acquittal of Giles, Justice MacKenzie said she found evidence against him was "weak" and intercepted communications were "unreliable" given that they were difficult to hear. She further stated the Crown prosecutors had still did not demonstrate beyond an inexpensive doubt the group was attempting to the "benefit of, within the direction of or in association having a criminal organization, to wit: the East End charter on the Hells Angels". Manitoba The Hells Angels' expansion into Manitoba began that has a relationship with Los Bravos, a nearby motorcycle club. In 2000 Los Bravos were "patched over," learning to be a full-fledged Hells Angels chapter. These investigations over the past 24 months have been executed with all the following charges. Project Defense On February 15, 2006 the Manitoba Integrated Organized Crime Task Force, coupled with over 150 law enforcement officials with the RCMP, Winnipeg Police Service and Brandon Police Service, made numerous arrests and conducted searches contained in the investigation of Project Defense. Thirteen individuals were indicted with a number of charges, including drug trafficking, extortion, proceeds of crime, and arranged crime related offences. Only 3 were members of the Hells Angels. Project Defense was initiated in November 2004 and preoccupied with active members of drug trafficking cells while in the province of Manitoba, including members of the Manitoba Hells Angels. In the investigation police made numerous seizures that totaled of greater than seven kilograms of cocaine and three kilograms of methamphetamine from drug traffickers in the Manitoba Hells Angels organization besides other drug trafficking cells. Arrest warrants were issued for thirteen individuals and 12 search warrants were authorized for locations in Winnipeg and area. This long-term covert investigation was initiated through the Manitoba Integrated Organized Crime Task Force, that is established in the year of 2004 when a legal contract was signed between your Winnipeg Police Service, the RCMP, the Brandon Police Service as well as Province of Manitoba. The mandate of this task force ended up disrupt and dismantle organized crime around the province of Manitoba. Project Drill On December 12, 2007 Project Drill came to an end, with Winnipeg Police raiding the Hells Angels clubhouse on Scotia Street. Project Drill started the first sort evening with arrests in Thompson and continued at night time and breakfast in Winnipeg and St. Pierre-Jolys. In Project Drill, police seized vehicles, approximately $70,000 cash, firearms, marijuana, Hells Angel related documents/property in addition to offence related property. As of December 12, 14 citizens were in custody and four were being sought. Police stated it was cost-free time the chapter president was the mark at a police sting because the gang create shop around the city in 2001. Hells Angels prospect member Al LeBras had also been arrested at his Barber Street home in Wednesday's raids. The recently amended Criminal Property Forfeiture Act increases the province the power to seize the proceeds of crime. 2 parents exercised similar authority against Hells Angels members in other Canadian cities. Project Divide On December 2, 2009 Project Divide culminated with 26 arrests, and 8 arrest warrants still outstanding following the year long investigation. The investigation and arrests targeted alleged drug-trafficking and related activities with the Zig Zag Crew - a puppet club on the Hells Angels Winnipeg chapter. Joint investigations Other joint investigations include: Project Develop, some pot 18-month investigation with Ontario, New Brunswick, and Bc In January 2006, Project Husky, a two-year investigation involving police forces in Ontario, Quebec and Alberta, triggered the arrest of twenty-seven suspects, including five full-patch Angels from across Eastern and Central Canada Project Koker, 23-month investigation in Edmonton and Calgary Project Halo, a three-year investigation via the Combined Forces Special Enforcement Team of your RCMP, into alleged criminal activity using the Nanaimo chapter. The investigation culminated with the search warrant being executed on December 12, 2003. On November 9, 2007 a seizure order was executed, under Section 467.12(1) of the Criminal Code, on your clubhouse by dozens of heavily armed RCMP officers. Scandinavia A gang war over drugs and turf relating to the Hells Angels and therefore the Bandidos, termed as "Great Nordic Biker War", raged from 1994 until 1997 and ran across Norway, Sweden, Denmark as well as sections of Finland and Estonia. By the end of your war, machine guns, hand grenades, rocket launchers and car bombs has been used as weapons, creating 11 murders, 74 attempted murders, and 96 wounded members of the involved motorcycle clubs. This caused fierce response from police and legislators, primarily in Denmark. A law was passed that banned motorcycle clubs from owning or renting property because of their club activities. What the law states has subsequently been repealed on constitutional grounds. In 2007, a Hells Angels-supported gang named Altid Klar-81 ("Altid Klar" is Danish for "Always Ready" and 81 is symbolic of the letters HA) was formed in Denmark to combat immigrant street gangs within a feud above the lucrative illegal hash market. AK81 continues to be recruiting more speedily when compared to the mainstream Hells Angels as members ordinarily are not was required to own a motorbike or wear a patch, and racial tensions are running considered of high the different parts of Denmark. On August 14, 2008, Osman Nuri Dogan, a 19-year-old ethnic Turk, was shot and killed by an AK81 member in Tingbjerg. Later that year, on October 8, there was clearly a shoot-out between AK81 members including a class of immigrants in Nrrebro, Copenhagen, during which one man was injured. Netherlands The Hells Angels control via a tunnel the drug trade inside Netherlands, and are generally associated with prostitution. The Dutch weed stated of the fact that Hells Angels smuggle cocaine inside the country through terrorist organizations and drug cartels in Curaao and Colombia, along with offer ecstasy and illegal firearms. In October 2005, the Dutch police raided Hells Angels' clubhouses in Amsterdam, Haarlem, IJmuiden, Harlingen, Kampen and Rotterdam and also a range of houses. Belgian police also raided two locations throughout the border. Police seized a grenade launcher, a flame thrower, hand grenades, 20 hand guns, a device pistol and 70,000 (US$103 285) in cash. Numerous Hells Angels members were later imprisoned on charges of international trafficking of cocaine and ecstasy, the assembly and distribution of marijuana, money laundering and murder, after a study that lasted more than a year. In 2006 two Dutch newspapers reported which your Amsterdam whorehouse Yab Yum had always been controlled with the Dutch Hells Angels, who had bought out after having a campaign of threats and blackmailing. Town council of Amsterdam revoked the license of Yab Yum in December 2007. On a subsequent trial the city's attorney repeated these allegations and therefore the brothel's attorney denied them. The brothel was closed in January 2008. Australia On 18 June 2007, a Hells Angels member fired 6 shots at passers-by who attemptedto profit the member's girlfriend, killing Brendan Keilar and critically wounding two others. On May 12, 2008, Christopher Wayne Hudson pleaded guilty towards the murder of Keilar in addition to other offences committed during the shooting. See 2007 Melbourne CBD shootings. Members of one's Comancheros and Hells Angels were considered linked to a clash at Sydney Airport on Sunday, March 22, 2009. The clash ended in one man, Hells Angels associate Anthony Zervas, being beaten to death and police estimated as many as 15 men were involved in the violence. Police documents detail the brawl by means of a Comanchero gang member with a Hells Angel being on the exact same flight from Melbourne. Four suspects were arrested because of the the altercation. Resulting from heightening violence, Nsw Premier Nathan Rees announced hawaii police anti-gang squad will be boosted to 125 members from 50. On the night of March 29, 2009, Hells Angels member Peter Zervas, the brother of one's man killed in the Sydney Airport Brawl one week earlier, was shot and injured because left his car outside his home. Germany In March 2006, a small group of Hells Angels raided a Bandidos clubhouse in Stuhr where they assaulted and robbed five Bandidos members. Three got jail sentences and another eleven were offered suspended sentences from the trial which was held in Hannover on December 16, 2008. On June 11 2008, two Bandidos members were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of your Hells Angels member in Ibbenbren. Reports say they drove to his Harley-Davidson shop and shot him there on May 23, 2007. After a first day of a related lawsuit on December 17, 2007, riots concerning the two gangs together with the police were reported. Spain Spanish police executed many different raids resistant to the club on April 21, 2009, arresting 22 members in Barcelona, Valencia, Mlaga, Madrid and Las Palmas. Two of them were members of the club's Italian chapters. The Hells Angels arrested were arrested for drugs and weapons trafficking, and extortion. Police arrest seized military-style weapons and ammunition, bulletproof vests, a kilo of cocaine, neo-Nazi literature and 200,000 in cash over the searches of 30 properties. One suspect also attempt to use a firearm against law enforcement officers while he was being arrested. It was actually section of a study into your club, generally known as Valkiria, which began in October 2007 and likewise led to eight arrests in December 2007. Ahead of this, the one operation with club vacation were held in March 1996. Britain In August 2007 a Hells Angels member, Gerry Tobin, was shot dead on the M40 motorway by people in an adversary motorcycle gang, the Outlaws. Those responsible received life sentences in November 2008. Tobin was returning home to London, where he worked to be a Harley service manager, through the Bulldog Bash. In January 2008, there would be a brawl between up to 30 Hells Angels and Outlaws at Birmingham Air port. Police recovered various weapons including Knuckledusters, hammers including a meat cleaver. Seven Outlaw members and five Hells Angels faced trial hence. References ^ Around the biker gangs: the certainty concerning guns, drugs and organised crime ^ a b Drewery, George (Spring 2003), "3 Skulls, Wings & Outlaws Motorcycle Club Insignia & Cultural Identity", Inter-Cultural Studies; A Forum On Social Change & Cultural Diversity 3 (2): 29, ISSN 1445-1190, archived out of your original on 2006-09-06, http://web.archive.org/web/20060906155915/http://weblearn.newcastle.edu.au/centre/ics/pubs/ICS_Vol_3_No_2_spring2003.pdf聽 ^ a b c "Motorcycle gangs". US Department of Justice. http://www.justice.gov/criminal/gangunit/gangs/motorcycle.html. Retrieved 2010-01-23.聽 ^ a b Lockyer, Bill (2003). "ORGANIZED CRIME IN CALIFORNIA". CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE. http://ag.ca.gov/publications/org_crime.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-23.聽 ^ Gangs in Idaho: Hells Angels ^ Hells Angels in Denmark ^ Aryan Brotherhood description and historical timeline from gangsorus.com ^ a b Lived Fast, Died Young; the Dutch Hells Angels ^ CISC 2004 Annual Set of Aborginal Based Organized Crime, retrieved 15 October, 2007 ^ Motorcycle gang arrives for show of force ^ Gangland: Warlocks MC, Part 1 ^ 22 Motorcycle Club Members Arrested in Raids in five Counties ^ "ORGANIZED CRIME IN OREGON". Oregon State Department of Justice. 2006-09. http://www.oregonattorneygeneral.gov/hot_topics/pdf/oc_report_final.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-23.聽 ^ "ASIAN ORGANIZED CRIME AND TERRORIST ACTIVITY IN CANADA, 1999-2002". Federal Research Division. Library of Congress. 2003-07. http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/AsianOrgCrime_Canada.pdf. Retrieved 2010-01-23.聽 ^ http://www.hells-angels.com/ ^ FBI Safe Street Violent Crime Initiative Report Fiscal Year 2000 ^ Nyc Times, Sweden's Courteous Police Spoil a Hell's Angels Clubouse Party ^ http://hpn.asu.edu/archives/2003-July/007451.html ^ http://enews.ttnet.net/cgi-bin/enews.cgi?date=20081204&src=_t1203433.8ke&chap.html ^ http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/sep/04/under-watchful-eye-bikers-aid-charity/ ^ a b c Hells Angels Official Internet site: History, http://www.hells-angels.com/HISTORY.html ^ Birney Jarvis for Male magazine, 1964. Reprinted in Hells Angels by Huinter S. Thompson ^ History Channel episode, Hell's Angels ^ History Documentary Hell's Angels Time Index approximately 00.05 minutes into the program ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/3311057.stm BBC ^ Gangs; A Journey straight into the heart of your British Underworld, Tony Thompson (journalist) (2004) ISBN 0-340-83053-0 ^ Lindsey, Tom (November 2005), "A Brief Past of "Outlaw" Motorcycle Clubs", International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, http://ijms.nova.edu/November2005/IJMS_Artcl.Dulaney.html, "The Life story caused something from the tumult in the country (Yates), but some authors have asserted that your AMA subsequently released a press statement disclaiming involvement in the Hollister event, stating that 99% of motorcyclists are wonderful, decent, law-abiding citizens, and therefore the AMA ranks of motorcycle clubs wasn't involved in the debacle (e.g., Reynolds, Thompson). However, the American Motorcyclist Association doesn't have record of ever releasing which includes statement. Tom Lindsay, the AMA Public Information Director, states 'We [the American Motorcyclist Association] acknowledge the fact that the term ne-percenter is (and likely will continue to be) because of the American Motorcyclist Association, but we have been unable to attribute its original use into an AMA official or published statemento it's apocryphal.'"聽 ^ HAMC Overview Document, Analysis of the Hell's Angel's Motorcycle Club (HAMC) In Canada ^ 'Litigation against movie release' (March 8, 2006) they usually rule., HAMC vs Walt Disney ^ Vancouver Sun June 10, 2005 Behind the Patch: Angels ABCs: by Neal Hall: ^ NDIC Document, US Department of Justice Report on OMG HA ^ A Wayward Angel: The entire Story of this Hells Angels by George Wethern and Vincent Colnett ^ Rock Scully, David Dalton, "Living when using the Dead: 2 decades about the Bus with Garcia along with the Grateful Dead",Cooper Square Publ Inc, 2001 ISBN 0815411634, 9780815411635 ^ http://www.hellsangelslondon.com/history.php HAMC London Web-site ^ Hells Angels MC World ^ IMDB, Gimmer Shelter (1970), accessed February 28, 2007 ^ Sol Stern, Ramparts Magazine March, 1970 ^ Capital Times, April 20, 1970 Page 3 ^ Sol Stern Ramparts Magazine March 1970 ^ a b Financing, April 20 1970 ^ "PASSINGS: He done anything about edgy films (Baird Bryant obituary)", The L . a . Times, 16 November 2008, http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-passings16-2008nov16,0,2595172.story, retrieved 2010-01-16聽 ^ Lindsey, Tom (November 2005), "A Brief Past of "Outlaw" Motorcycle Clubs", International Journal of Motorcycle Studies, http://ijms.nova.edu/November2005/IJMS_Artcl.Dulaney.html聽 ^ Gimme Shelter - The Rolling Stones - The Guardian - September 6, 2009 ^ Barger, Sonny; Zimmerman, Keith; and Zimmerman, Kent Hell's Angels: Everything and Points during the Sonny Barger as well as the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. HarperCollins, pp 159 - 169 ^ Orange County Register, May 27, 2005 ^ Hells Angels get prison terms, accessed March 29, 2007 ^ Hells Angels slam NYPD over clubhouse raid - Crime, Law and Justice, Manhattan, Ny Police Department - amNY.com ^ After Police Search, Hells Angels Brace for Fight - California Times ^ Local News "Enforcer" for Hells Angels brought to prison for 25 years
Seattle Times Newspaper ^ Local News Arlington man gets 7 years for involvement in Hells Angels murder
Seattle Times Newspaper ^ Local News Hells Angels figure gets 7-1/89 years
Seattle Times Newspaper ^ The Vancouver Sun (June 10, 2005), B.C.'s Hells Angels: Rich and Powerful ^ "Edited Hansard No. 69, 38th Parliament, 1st session". 2005-03-10. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=1691380&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1.聽 ^ Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter Stadnick while in the Canadian Hells Angels, by Jerry Langton, John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 2006 ^ Bill C-24 ^ http://www.canlii.org/on/cas/onsc/2005/2005onsc14135.html R. v. Lindsay, 2005 ^ RCMP Gazette, Behind the anti-gang law ^ CBC News, Mom liable for murder ^ The Gazette, ^ The Gazette, ^ ^ CTV News, Mole Helps Ont. Police net suspected gang members ^ Canada.com, Alleged gang members rounded up in Ont ^ CBC News, 15 Hells Angels arrested in Ontario raids: police ^ CTV News, Hells Angels clubhouses raided in three provinces ^ a b National Post, Ontario police officials praise informant's support Hells' raids ^ CBC News, Insider the answer to Hells Angels raids: police ^ http://bc.rcmp.ca/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=50&languageId=1&contentId=3686] ^ The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). "R. v. Giles, 2008 BCSC 367 (CanLII)". 27 March 2008. CanLII - Canadian Legal Institute & Lexum ^ The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). "R. v. Giles, 2008 BCSC 367 (CanLII)". 27 March 2008. CanLII - Canadian Legal Institute & Lexum, at paragraphs 237-38. ^ "Crown argues biker gang is organized crime". cbc.com. http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2007/04/20/grant-trial.html. Retrieved 2008-01-25.聽 ^ 'Project Defense', Project Defense, Winnipeg Media Release ^ 'Project Drill', Project Drill, Winnipeg Media Release ^ ^ ^ 'Project Divide', ^ 'Project Develop', 'Project Develop' 40 HA locations raided ^ 'Project Husky', 'Project Husky' arrests 27 Hells Angels members ^ Police claim a victory over bikers in Thunder Bay ^ 'Project Koker', Eighteen Charged in 'Project Koker' ^ 'Project Halo', Nanaimo members claim smear campaign -- police unconvinced ^ 'Nanaimo Clubhouse Seizure', Safety of police considered in Hells Angels clubhouse takeover ^ Biker Wars Within the Land of 'The Little Mermaid' ^ ^ Gang war combatants on speaking terms ^ Gunfight in Nrrebro ^ Angels of Death: Inside Bikers' Empire of Crime ^ 45 Hell's Angels members arrested on suspicion of weapons and drugs trafficking ^ Yab Yum: exclusief n crimineel, BN DeStem, 3 May 2006; 'Ook sekshuis Yab Yum werd afgeperst'. Eindhovens Dagblad, 3 May 2006. (Dutch) ^ 'Hells Angels own Yab Yum brothel', DutchNews.nl, 3 January 2008 ^ Amsterdam court says Yab Yum brothel must close, Reuters, 4 January 2008 ^ Hudson pleads guilty over Melbourne shootings ^ Sullivan, Rohan. "4 charged in airport biker brawl in Australia".聽 ^ http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25261739-661,00.html ^ Three German Biker Gang Members Delivered to Jail ^ Biker Turf War Escalating in Germany ^ Spanish police said on Tuesday they may have arrested 22 people in the Hells Angels biker gang ^ [http://www.typicallyspanish.com/news/publish/article_21018.shtml 22 Hell's Angels arrested in Spain ] ^ 22 Hell's Angels Arrested In Spain ^ Campbell, D; Balakrishnan A (2008-11-29). "Life for seven motorway killers of biker Gerry Tobin". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/nov/28/hells-angels. Retrieved 2008-12-16.聽 ^ BBCMMIX Biker gangs 'had airport battle' Books and newspaper articles Perhaps the best notorious and colorful account of the Hells Angels was produced by Gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson. Published in 1966, Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga belonging to the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs, was expanded from a classic 1965 article in the Nation after he spent each year in close quarters with group. Thompson, Hunter S. Hell's Angels: The Strange and Terrible Saga with the Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs. San francisco: Random House, 1966; Ballantine Books, 1996 (ISBN 0-345-41008-4) Barger, Sonny; Zimmerman, Keith; and Zimmerman, Kent Hell's Angels: The life span and Throughout the Sonny Barger along with the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. HarperCollins (ISBN 0060937548) Jameson, Michael (2000), "Motorcycle club's origins clouded in wartime history, but all sides concur with one thing: Today's Hells Angels are not any monks", Missoulian (Missoula, Montana: Lee Enterprises), archived out of your original on 26 April 2006, http://web.archive.org/web/20060426221912/http://www.missoulian.com/specials/hellsangels/ha02.html聽 Langton, Jerry Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter Stadnick while in the Canadian Hells Angels. John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd. (ISBN 0-470-83710-1) The Assimilation: Bikers United On the Hells Angels by Edward Winterhalder and Wil De Clercq - ECW Press 2008 (ISBN 1-5502-2824-2) Winterhalder, Edward, Out In Bad Standings: In the Bandidos Motorcycle Club - The Making of a Worldwide Dynasty,Blockhead City Press, 2005/Seven Locks Press, 2007 (ISBN 0-9771-7470-0) Sher, Julian and Marsden, William The street to Hell聽: The way the Biker Gangs are Conquering Canada, Random House, 2004 (ISBN 0676975992) Sher, Julian and Marsden, William Angels of Death; Into the Bikers' Global Crime Empire, Knopf Canada, 2006 (ISBN 0676977308) Cherry, Paul The Biker Trials: Lowering the Hells Angels, ECW Press, 2005 (ISBN 155022638X) Lavigne, Yves Hell's Angels: Responding to Business, Ballantine Books, 1994 (ISBN 9994961950) Lavigne, Yves Hell's Angels: Into your Abyss, HarperTorch, 1997 (ISBN 0061011045) Lavigne, Yves Hell's Angels at War, Harper-Collins, 2000 (ISBN 0006385648) Police claim a victory over bikers in Thunder Bay CBC News, Thursday, 19 January 2006 http://www.cbc.ca/story/canada/national/2006/04/11/biker-war-sher.html?ref=rss Storm thwarted Mick Jagger murder attempt Telegraph, UK, Sunday, 2 March 2008 Wagner, Dennis (Jan. 23, 2005), "Hells Angels: The government infiltration", The Arizona Republic, http://www.azcentral.com/specials/special42/articles/0123hellsangels23.html聽 External links Hells Angels from the Open Directory Project Official Hells Angels website listing many chartered local chapters, with links FBI directory Hell's Angels out of the 1960s and 1970s. v聽聽d聽聽e Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs Clubs Bandidos聽 The Breed聽 Brother Speed聽 Comanchero聽 Devils Diciples聽 Diablos聽 The Finks聽 Free Souls聽 Grim Reapers聽 Gypsy Joker聽 Hells Angels聽 Highwaymen聽 Iron Horsemen聽 Mongols聽 Outlaws聽 Pagans聽 Rebels聽 Sons of Silence聽 Vagos聽 Warlocks (Pennsylvania聽 Florida) Individuals Sonny Barger聽 Maurice Boucher聽 Harry Joseph Bowman聽 Ruben Cavazos聽 Ion Croitoru聽 Paul Eischeid聽 Mark Guardado聽 Jan Krogh Jensen聽 Michael Ljunggren聽 Thomas Mller聽 Jrn Nielsen聽 Alan Passaro聽 Martin Schippert聽 Jim Tinndahn聽 Yves "Apache" Trudeau聽 Alex Vella聽 Edward Winterhalder聽 Chuck Zito Related events Altamont Free Concert聽 Great Nordic Biker War聽 Hollister Riot聽 Lennoxville Massacre聽 Milperra Massacre聽 Operation Black Rain聽 Quebec Biker War聽 River Run Riot聽 Shedden Massacre Other List of outlaw motorcycle clubs聽 AK81聽 Notorious聽 Sons of Anarchy Categories: 1948 establishments
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